(correct) Whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer.
c. (preferable) It depends on the style of writing when we use certain words. =
(correct) When we use certain words depends on the style of writing.
B. When the subject is a to-infinitive.
a. (preferable) It is hard to master a foreign language. =
(correct) To master a foreign language is hard.
b. (preferable) It is important to know how to use a computer. =
(correct) To know how to use a computer is important.
C. When the subject is a v-ing form.
a. ( preferable) Smoking is difficult to stop. =
(correct) It is difficult to stop smoking.
b. (preferable) Travelling to Beijing takes up a lot of my time. =
(correct) It takes a lot of my time travelling to Beijing.
Tip:
We usually use the empty subject it with a clause or to-infinitive (preferable), but with the v-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beginning.
Ш. It can also be used before seem, appear, happen, chance, turn out and prove as the empty subject of a sentence.
a. It seems that he speaks two languages. =
He seems to speak two languages.
b. It happens that my new neighbor comes from my home town. =
My new neighbor happens to come from my home town.
IV. We can emphasize the subject, object, or adverbial in a sentence by using it +be+ the word/phrase you emphasize+ a clause introduced by that or who.
The part we emphasize:
1. It is Prof. Li who teaches us English. (emphasize the subject)
2. It is English that Prof. Li teaches us. (emphasize the object)
3. It was in Shanghai that I saw the film. (emphasize the adverbial)
Multiple choices：
1、___D___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
2.I like___C___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (04全国)
A this B that C it D one
3、The chairman thought ___B___ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. (05全国卷1)
A.that B.it C.this D.him
Brainstorming:
It is ________________that keeps us healthy.
【设计说明】先简单复习“it” 的功能。在英语中为了避免头重脚轻，我们经常把主要信息放在句子后面部分，而用it作形式主语。然后讲解it的用途 ：当 真正主语为从句或不定式时，最好用it作形式主语，当真正主语为v-ing时，还是把v-ing主语放句首。之后配上一定练习和造句进行巩固。
Step 4 Other important cases of noun clauses:
I.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。
2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用，无具体含义，且不可省略。
Attributive or Appositive
1) We expressed the hope that they had expressed. (AT)
2) We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. (AP)
3) The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. (AP)
4) The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value. (AT)
II.疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别：
①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.
Whatever you do, you must do it well.
③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
No matter what you do, you must do it well.
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
III.名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题：
1.在order、suggest、demand、request、advise、be anxious that等所接的宾语从句中用“should” 型虚拟语气，“should” 常省略。 在order、suggestion等名词后同位语从句、表语从句中用“should ”型虚拟语气，可省略“should”.
2.在as if、as though引导的表语从句中，在必要的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。
3.在suggest、insist后会出现两种语气：
He suggested that I (should)turn to my boss.
The expression on his face suggested that he was angry
The old man insisted that he was still young.
The police insisted that we should offer proof.
4. 在主语从句中：It is necessary/important/strange/natural/…that…
5. wish后，从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步。
高考链接：
1、Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _D___. (全国2000)
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
2、The photographs will show you __B__.(MET1989)
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
3. It is strange that he ___B__ you this.
A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told
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