C. The Greatest Prize Winner D. The Best Friend of Ours
D
It took 13 years of international effort to map the human biological blueprint of all the genes (基因) that make us different people. The first rough draft (草图) was made in 2000. The last of our 23 chromosomes (染色体) was clearly described in 2006. Ever since then, the age of personal genetic testing has been upon us. Since that time, a growing number of private companies have come on the market mostly through the Internet, offering to scan (扫描) your personal DNA and compare it to some disease markets of the blueprint, called DTC genetic tests.
But over the last five years the medical world has been discussing excitedly about whether these DTC tests are helpful or harmful, scientifically believable or completely useless. One of the usual criticisms (批评) is that the science is so new that no one really knows yet how to explain the information.
“At present they largely remain in the period of research studies,” notes Dr. Greg Feero, special advisor to the director of genomic medicine at the US National Human Genome Research Institute. Feero says there are two reasons. “The first is that when they offer a test, are they really checking what they should check? And then the next is that even if it is believable, does what the test is checking really mean anything to your health?”
Other worries include the privacy of the results and how your personal genetic information might be used by insurance (保险) companies to refuse your insurance or your boss to dismiss you. Or you could learn information with a huge social or personal impact (冲击), such as finding out that genetically you cannot possibly be the father of your child. It can also give you risks (风险) that may break your life, such as whether you are at high risk of cancer, Parkinson or other terrible diseases.
Criticisms over the tests are such that some countries, such as Germany, have banned (禁止) them. In 2011, some scientists advised the US government that most tests should be done under the guidance of medical professionals (专家). The UK government also expressed its worries about DTC genetic tests and in August 2010 made a set of rules to guide the development of genetic tests.
In 2011, three medical researchers published a review article in the International Journal of Clinical Practice, saying that such tests offered more risks than benefits. The most important reason is that the tests might create worries or unreal results or drive unnecessary medical treatments. They also noted some of the genetic information the tests are based on at present is far from being perfect.
56. When did the research of human genes begin?
A. In 1987. B. In 1993. C. In 2000. D. In 2006.
57. What is the result of the medical world’s discussion about genetic tests?
A. They are both good and bad for people.
B. They are useful for some companies.
C. They still remain the period of research.
D. They have caused a lot of criticisms.
58. The most important fact that causes the worries about genetic tests is that _______.
A. people are too weak to receive social or personal impact
B. we are afraid of face the bad news that will break our life
C. doing these tests is against the laws in a lot of countries
D. little is known about genes and the information they carry
59. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Something must be done to stop genetic tests.
B. Discussion about genetic tests is needed among people.
C. More research work needs to be done about genetic tests.
D. With the help of the government, genetic tests can develop fast.
七、阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。(共8分，每小题2分)
A group of frogs were traveling through the woods, and two of them fell into a deep hole. When the other frogs saw how deep the hole was, they told the two frogs that they were hopeless to be alive. But the two frogs didn’t believe it. 60 . The other frogs kept telling them to stop and wait for their death. Finally, one of the two frogs gave up and fell down. Soon he died.
The other frog continued to jump as hard as he could. Once again, the crowd of frogs shouted at him and told him to stop and just wait to die. 61 .
When he got out, the other frogs said: “Didn’t you hear us?” The frog explained to them that he was deaf. 62 .
The story teaches us two lessons. 63 . An encouraging word to someone who is down can cheer him up and help him make it through difficulties. Secondly, a destructive (消极的) word to someone who is down can make him give up and die. So be careful of what you say.
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