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高三英语语法教案:定语从句要点专题精讲

[03-01 17:30:10]   来源:http://www.kmf8.com  高三英语教案   阅读:8147
概要: 2)当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较:I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.我将永远不会忘记我的家乡被解放的那一天。I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.我将永远不会忘记去年夏天我们共同度过的那段时光。3)when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在这种结构中,关系代词若是表示人时,就只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物时,就只能用which。1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which (指物)或whom 关系代词不能省略。如:He ha
高三英语语法教案:定语从句要点专题精讲,标签:高三英语教案模板,http://www.kmf8.com

2)当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较:

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.

我将永远不会忘记我的家乡被解放的那一天。

I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.

我将永远不会忘记去年夏天我们共同度过的那段时光。

3)when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。

三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

在这种结构中,关系代词若是表示人时,就只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物时,就只能用which。

1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which (指物)或whom 关系代词不能省略。如:

He has found a good job for which he is qualified.

他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。

(qualify + 名词+for意为“使……具有……资格”)

The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.

你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。( talk to+名词意为“与某人谈话”)

He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents. 他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。(名词+rent at+表示价格的词意为“某物以某价格出租”)

2.当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which(指物),that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。如:

This is the hero (that/who/whom)we are proud of.这就是我们引以为豪的英雄。

This is the pen ( that/which)I wrote the letter with.这就是我用来写信的那枝笔。

3.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。

He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree.

他住在一所大房子里,房前有一棵大高树。

The monkey crossed the river,in the middle of which he was almost killed.

那只猴子过了河,在河中央它差点淹死。

注意:在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如:

This is the pen which I’m looking for.这正是我在寻找的那枝笔。

The boys he is looking after are very healthy. 他照看的那些小男孩都很健康。

4.介词+关系代词=关系副词

1)这就是我们去年住过的房间。

This is the room which we lived in last year.

This is the room in which we lived last year.

This is the room where we lived last year.

2)我仍然记得我入党的那一天。

I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.

I still remember the day when I joined the Party.

通过对上述知识的掌握,对于一个句子我们可用不同的表达方法来表达。如:

那就是他工作的大学。

四、定语从句的种类以及区别

1.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下

限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

和先行词的关系密切(删去后,影响整个句子意义的表达) 和先行词的关系不密切(是一种补充说明,删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达)

不用逗号分开 一般使用逗号分开

可用关系代词that引导 不可用关系代词that引导

可以省略(that,who,which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略) 不可以省略

可以替代(whom作宾语时,可用who或that替代) 不能替代

只可以修饰先行词,不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 修饰整个主句或主句的一部分,此时定语从句前有逗号分开,只能用which或as引导。

请看下面例句的不同含义:

限制性:她有两个当解放军的儿子。

She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.

(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)

非限制性:她有两个儿子,他们都是解放军。

She has two sons,who are P.L.A.men.

(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)

体会下列非限制性定语从句

Yesterday I met Li Ping,who seemed to be busy.

昨天我遇到了李平,他看起来很忙。

We will put off the meeting until next week,when we won’t be so busy.

我们将把会议推迟到下周举行,到那时我们就不会这么忙了。

2.关系代词which与as引导定语从句的区别

which与as都可以引导定语从句,但它们有许多用法上的区别,现就此简要分析如下:

1)which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别:

which只能放在主句后面,而as引导的从句位置相对较灵活,可在前,可在后。如:

As he realized,I was very useful to him.

(在前)正像他所意识到的那样,我对他非常有用。

Air,as we know,is a gas.(在中)空气,众所周知,是一种气体。

He was a foreigner,as I know from his accent.

(在后)他是个外国人,正像我从他的口音判断的那样。

He came late again,which made his boss angry.

(在后)他又来晚了,这一点使得老板很生气。

在which引导的定语从句中,谓语动词若是am,is,are,则这些系动词不能省略,而as后面若是这种情况,则可以省略。如:

He is a teacher,as (is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)他是个老师,这从他的言谈举止可看清楚。

He said he had never seen her before,which was not true.

(was 不可省略)他说他从来没见过她,这一点不对。

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