D. The prom has changed from a modest event to a more attractive party over the years.
51. According to the passage, what gave rise to alternative proms?
A. Not all students behaved well at the proms.
B. Proms were too serious for young prom-goers.
C. Teenagers wanted to attend proms with their dates.
D. Students with special needs did not enjoy traditional proms.
52. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Unconventional proms have been organized since the 1960s.
B. In the 1980s, proms were held in local churches for teenagers to attend.
C. Proms have become a significant event in American high schools since the 1930s.
D. In the 1890s, high school proms were all-night social events for some American families.
D
Not enough money for your vacation? Try home exchanges-swapping houses with strangers. Agree to use each other’s cars, and you can save bucks on car rentals, too.
Home exchanges are not new. At least one group, Intervac, has been making such an arrangement easier since 1953. But trading online is gaining popularity these days, with several sites in operation, including Home Exchanges. Founded in 1992, with some 28,000 listings, this company bills itself as the world’s largest home exchange club, reporting that membership has increased 30% this year.
The annual fee is usually less than US$100. Members can access thousands of listings for apartments, villas, suburban homes and farms around the world. Original contact is made through e-mail, with the following communication usually by phone. Before a match is made, potential swappers tend to discuss a lot.
However, the concept may sound risky to some people. What about theft? Damage? These are reasonable causes for concern, but equally unlikely. As one swapper puts it, “Nobody is going to fly across the ocean or drive 600 miles to come to steal your TV. Besides, at the same time they’re staying in your home, you are staying in their home.”
Exchange sites recommend that swappers discuss such matters ahead of time. They may fill out an agreement spelling out who shoulders which responsibilities if a problem arises. It does not matter if the agreement would hold up in court, but it does give the exchangers a little satisfaction.
Generally, the biggest complaint among home exchangers has to do with different standards of cleanliness. Swappers are supposed to make sure their home is in order before they leave, but one person’s idea of “clean” may be more forgiving than another’s. Some owners say if they come back to a less-than-sparkling kitchen, it may be inconvenient but would not sour them on future exchanges.
53. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. How to exchange homes.
B. The biggest home exchange agency.
C. How home exchange is becoming popular.
D. A contrast between Intervac and Home Exchanges.
54. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “bills” in the second paragraph?
A. advertises B. contributes C. replaces D. participates
55. How do home exchangers normally begin their communication?
A. By phone. B. By e-mail.
C. Via a matchmaker. D. Via a face-to-face meeting.
56. What is recommended in the passage to deal with theft and damage concerns?
A. One can ask a lawyer for help.
B. Both parties can trade online.
C. Both parties can sign an agreement beforehand.
D. One can damage the home of the other party in return.
E
A new study has found that it may be possible to train people to be more intelligent, increasing the brainpower they had at birth.
Until now,it has been widely assumed that the kind of mental ability that allows us to solve new problems without having any relevant previous experience—what psychologists call fluid intelligence—is innate and cannot be taught(though people can raise their grades on tests of it by practicing).
But in the new study,researchers describe a method for improving this skill,along with experiments to prove it works.
The key, researchers found, was carefully structured training in working memory—the kind that allows memorization of a telephone number just long enough to dial it. This type of memory is closely related to fluid intelligence,so the researchers reasoned that improving it might lead to improvements in fluid intelligence.
First they measured fluid intelligence of volunteers using standard tests. Then they trained each in a complicated memory task—the child’s card game,in which they had to recall a card they saw and heard. During the course, they needed to ignore irrelevant items, monitor ongoing performance,manage two tasks at the same time and connect related items to one another in space and time.
The four groups experienced a half-hour of training daily for 8, 12, 17 and 19 days, respectively. To make sure they were not just improving their test-taking skills,the researchers compared them with control groups that took the tests without the training.
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